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What is Parkinson’s Disease?

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement. It occurs due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. It commonly affects older adults but can also occur in younger individuals (Young-Onset Parkinson’s Disease).

Causes of Parkinson’s Disease

The exact cause of Parkinson’s is unknown, but several factors contribute to its development:

  • * Genetic factors- Mutations in genes like LRRK2 and PARKIN.
  • * Environmental triggers-Exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, or toxins.
  • * Aging- Natural decline in dopamine levels over time.
  • * Head injuries- Repeated trauma may increase risk.

Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Symptoms develop gradually and worsen over time. They include:

Motor Symptoms:
  • * Tremors - Involuntary shaking, usually in hands or fingers..
  • * Bradykinesia -Slowness of movement, making daily tasks difficult.
  • * Rigidity - Stiffness in muscles, leading to discomfort.
  • * Postural instability – Impaired balance and frequent falls.
Non-Motor Symptoms:
  • * Sleep disturbances
  • * Depression and anxiety
  • * Cognitive decline
  • * Constipation and digestive issues
  • * Loss of smell

Parkinson’s Disease Treatment


While there is no cure, treatments can help manage symptoms:

  • Medications - Levodopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO-B inhibitors to improve dopamine levels.
  • Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)- Surgical implantation of electrodes to regulate brain activity.
  • Physical and occupational therapy –Improves mobility, balance, and daily functioning.
  • Lifestyle modifications –Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and stress management.

    • When to Consult a Doctor


    Seek medical advice if you experience:

  • Persistent tremors or slowed movement.
  • Stiffness or difficulty walking.
  • Unexplained balance issues or frequent falls.
  • Changes in handwriting or speech.
  • Non-motor symptoms like depression or sleep problems affecting daily life. Early diagnosis and treatment can help slow progression and improve quality of life.

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