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What is a Movement Disorder?

Movement disorders are neurological conditions that cause abnormal voluntary or involuntary movements. These disorders can result in excessive movement (hyperkinetic) or reduced/slowed movement (hypokinetic).

Causes of Movement Disorders

Movement disorders can arise from various factors, including:

  • Genetic mutations-Inherited conditions like Huntington’s disease.
  • Neurodegenerative diseases-Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy.
  • Brain injuries or stroke-Affecting motor control regions.
  • Infections or autoimmune disorders-Such as Sydenham’s chorea.
  • Medications or toxins-Drug-induced movement disorders.
  • Metabolic disorders-Wilson’s disease, affecting copper metabolism.

    • Symptoms of Movement Disorders

    Symptoms depend on the specific disorder but commonly include:

  • Tremors- Involuntary rhythmic shaking, as seen in Parkinson’s disease.
  • Dystonia-Sustained muscle contractions causing abnormal postures.
  • Chorea-Involuntary, unpredictable movements.
  • Bradykinesia–Slowness of movement, common in Parkinson’s disease.
  • Myoclonus–Sudden, brief muscle jerks.
  • Tics–Repetitive, sudden movements or sounds (e.g., in Tourette syndrome).

    • Movement Disorder Treatment

    Treatment varies based on the underlying condition and severity:

  • MedicationsDopaminergic drugs (for Parkinson’s), botulinum toxin (for dystonia), anticonvulsants (for myoclonus).
  • Physical and occupational therapyTo improve movement and daily function.
  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS)–A surgical option for severe cases of Parkinson’s, dystonia, or tremors.
  • Lifestyle changesRegular exercise, balanced diet, stress management.

    • When to Consult a Doctor

    Seek medical advice if you experience:

  • Persistent tremors or involuntary movements.
  • Difficulty with coordination, balance, or speech.
  • Sudden onset of abnormal movements.
  • Worsening of movement symptoms over time.
  • Uncontrolled muscle contractions affecting daily activities. Early diagnosis and management can help control symptoms and improve quality of life.